[Summary] discussed electronic facility the general situation of diagnostic technology of circuit board breakdown and development foreground, combinative spaceflight is measured control a company " clinic of Hua Tuo electron " circuit of equipment of electron of series product HTEDS8000 board maintenance test and diagnostic system, introduced circuit board breakdown to diagnose technology and application. This system checks advancedly integratedly to diagnose a technology with breakdown, apply to electronic equipment especially the board class maintenance that electron of for military use equips and comprehensive test. As the rapid development of science and technology, especially digital technology and the wide application of all sorts of VLSI, the electron equips especially structure of equipment of electron of for military use is more and more complex, the function is more and more perfect, automation rate is higher and higher also. Although the function of electronic system gets rising, but long, maintenance guarantees time of complex to check and maintaining safeguard to also generate test flow, test difficult, upkeep costs is advanced and a lot of problem, these problems affected the in good condition sex of electronic equipment and life cycle badly. Circuit board breakdown diagnoses a technology, OK and fast, accurate ground is unusual to electronic system undertake judging, have fast fixed position to occurrence breakdown, keep apart breakdown the smallest can change unit. The application in safeguard is maintained in electronic equipment contemporary breakdown diagnoses a technology, can enhance systematic dependability, effectiveness, safeguard equipment develops ability of the biggest design, prolong service life, reduce life cycle cost; Through detecting analysis of statistic of surveillant, breakdown and function are evaluated etc, optimize a design to provide data and information for equipment, because this studies electronic fixture especially circuit board breakdown diagnoses a technology, research achievement product turns promotion application, have wide applied perspective. Breakdown diagnoses technical general situation and development foreground breakdown is the useful information that according to be opposite object be diagnosticed checks place to obtain undertake analytic handling, whether is the condition that judges object be diagnosticed in unusual position or state of fault, determine the direction of breakdown, the happening of adumbrative breakdown. Inchoate breakdown is diagnosed is basis person is opposite the sense organ such as the feeling of object be diagnosticed, hearing, touch and the relevant experience that accumulate before, to its condition feature undertakes an analysis, judge the existence of certain breakdown, or the time that casts breakdown happening. Maintenance is the overall activity that to make equipment maintains or restores to stipulate state institute undertakes, include equipment to malfunction in use process not only namely (attaint) when have repair, maintain in order to restore the repair sex that its set condition, and still include to be in breakdown (attaint) before, precautionary breakdown regulates the preventive maintenance activity that state institute has with maintaining. In recent years, digital technology and VLSI apply extensively at the function in the design of circuit board, the function of electronic equipment and structure are more and more complex also, because this is right his test workload is big, tall to detected quality requirement, the sense organ that relies on a person very hard usually and experience come out breakdown element examination. Contemporary breakdown diagnostic technology is as computer technology, contemporary test in recent years the technology is mixed of artificial intelligence technology develop quickly and develop a kind of when rise new technology, it is to point to the equipment of new and high technology such as equipment of applied modernization instrument and all of computer science department, will check and identify the position of real time technology of equipment and component through the test, undertake scientific diagnosis to its. Applied breakdown diagnoses a technology to undertake check and be diagnosticed to equipment, can in time discover the breakdown of equipment and the happening that prevent malign accident, avoid to appear thereby significant loss. The United States is to breakdown diagnostic technology undertakes a system study one of the earliest countries, after the United States began to carry out Apollo to plan 1961, appeared a series of equipment malfunction, make was in the United States 1967 spaceflight bureau (NASA) advocate below, by American naval lab (ONR) chair American mechanical failure to prevent a group (MFPG) , diagnose technical research and development actively from accident barrier. The United States regards military affairs of world number one as powerful nation, the logistics supply that takes martial weaponry seriously very much and uphold safeguard, because weapon system is more and more complex, equipment design considers increasingly to guarantee an issue, undertake effectively in order to ensure maintenance work can be simple, make equipment always can hold usable position, in the breakdown that accordingly the breakdown of all sorts of types is diagnosed and maintenance expert system already used at the active service weaponry such as unit of ordnance of bomber of American F-15 battleplan, B-1B, naval naval vessels, army is diagnosed and be being maintained. At present the United States is in industry of aviation, spaceflight, nucleus and martial branch diagnostic technology has banner place. A few countries of European diagnose technical respect to also have very great progress in equipment, from 60 time end like England the development that diagnostic technology begins at the beginning of 70 time studies, generate electricity in industry, nucleus wait for a respect to have some kind of advantage. Although our country diagnoses technical research to start to breakdown later, but get developing quickly in recent years. Specific testability requirement raised in the development of important system and equipment, made " equipment testability outline " (GJB-2547-95) , " test and diagnostic term " (GJB-3385-98) wait for national military standard. Domestic military tests a system, the requirement that also diagnoses a technology to the test as equipment of for military use begins research stage by stage. At present home diagnoses a technology to the breakdown of equipment, especially the research of diagnostic technology of breakdown of circuit board class had greater progress. Beijing spaceflight is measured accuse a technology to develop a company to diagnose technical research and relevant product to developed a respect to gain greater success in automatic test, breakdown, development went to have own intellectual property " clinic of Hua Tuo electron " series product, include HTEDS8000 electron facility test of circuit board maintenance and the product such as platform of diagnostic system, diagnostic software of Fault Doctor breakdown, this product applied advanced test and breakdown integratedly to diagnose a technology, comfortable at electronic equipment especially the test of board class maintenance that electron of weapon of for military use equips and integrated safeguard, wait in naval, air force, 2 artillery piece army arm of services had promotion application. Implementation of diagnostic system of circuit board breakdown checks to realize circuit board with diagnose, breakdown diagnostic system should have circuit board function to detect commonly, incentive signal is generated, signal test and collect, the systematic function such as information management and data analysis, but to each type circuit board undertakes checking diagnostic, breakdown segregation locates those who malfunction is the smallest can change unit (be like yuan of parts of an apparatus) . Beijing spaceflight measures the HTEDS8000 electron device that controls a technology to develop a company independently test of circuit board maintenance is based on structural frame of VXI bus line with diagnostic system, have the structural characteristic that expands open mode, modularly, easily. The system is main the task is to adopt built systematic hardware platform, achieve imitate circuit board works actually environment, finish be measured board diagnostic information is gotten, the analysis that passes diagnostic program, judgement determines breakdown position, the purpose that the breakdown that finish diagnoses. System advocate the control that charges computer software to realize instruments of pair of VXI bus line and IEEE488 interface instrument through standard interface software, generation emulates the drive that the test needs, turn through general signal receive box and special adapter to load to come to be measured board the corresponding terminals of edge-socket connector, get corresponding response at the same time data, through diagnosing the analysis of software, judgement, the breakdown that finish locates. Circuit of HTEDS8000 electron equipment board maintain test and facility of electron of diagnostic system architecture test of circuit board maintenance and diagnostic system is main by advocate accuse composition of instrument of interface of instrument of bus line of the computer, VXI, IEEE488 and special device. Hardware part but expansibility is strong, can make corresponding increase and decrease according to the demand of the user. VXI bus line has a structure compact, standard open, data takes in and send out in large quantities strong, module duplicates capability use wait for a characteristic, and structure of fictitious instrument software (VISA) the compatibility problem that solved the interface between the computer and instrument and environment of application software development, the standard instrument bus line that GPIB bus line matures as a kind has wide applied range, interface of two kinds of bus line combines application in the system, make function of systematic versatility, test is reached those who measure bandwidth is expanding with electromagnetism compatible ability rises further. To a variety of types the test of circuit board is diagnosed, the system passes the circuit that be measured board special adapter and be measured circuit board is linked together, incentive signal turns through general signal receive box to send to special adapter, to load arrives to be measured circuit board corresponding terminals, send general signal to turn the signal that be measured at the same time the signal that receives case measures a passageway, classics recuperation, turn the measurement in accusing to combine is measured by VXI after receiving the measurement that module, function module or GPIB measure equipment to realize signal, control and collect. Advocate the job that controls computer logarithm to reach incentive device according to collecting undertakes coordinate and be controllinged, test data passes corresponding pretreatment, provide diagnostician system. Every circuit board diagnoses a program through configuring special adapter and test (TPS) , the test that can achieve circuit board and breakdown are diagnosed. Fault Doctor breakdown diagnoses equipment of electron of HTEDS8000 of software platform test of circuit board maintenance was configured with diagnostic system measure the application software Fault Doctor Ver1 that accuses a company to be developed independently. 0 breakdown diagnose software platform, this software analyses academic confluence according to breakdown knowledge base of method of analysis of technology of advanced fictitious instrument test, artificial intelligence, expert, can mix circuit board to undertake test, analysis is mixed to each type number, imitate and digital-to-analogue diagnose. This software platform uses the advanced technology such as OLE, COM, build functional frame through COM interface, add all sorts of function module according to demand inside frame next, include all sorts of signal to handle module, test to handle module, instrument to configure operation module, diagnostic algorithm to handle information of module, data to manage module to wait; The accretion of each module has opposite independent character, through advocate frame procedure undertakes data is exchanged; And can be improved further perhaps add new functional module. Software offers the port of development 2 times, the software that uses COM interface devises an idea, solved the difficult problem that the program is written and upgrades, raised systematic dependability and expansibility. Software system includes a test to diagnose executive platform, test to diagnose development platform, user interface to edit information of platform, data to manage the functional module such as platform and online help. Platform of test diagnostic development is over to be measured in couples circuit board undertakes breakdown is diagnosed with fixed position, offer be monitored automatically and information clew function; Platform of test diagnostic development offers environment of visible graph interface to guide development staff to input operation of report of division of type of drive of diagnostic measure, imitate, data drive, signal, test, instrument to wait, develop the mission in order to complete test diagnostic program; User interface edits platform to generate those who diagnose executive interface to show content, finish the alternant setting of man-machine interface; Data information manages platform to finish breakdown to trend of statistic of circuit board model and analysis of statistic of former parts of an apparatus, breakdown is analysed and check a function beforehand, implementation breakdown diagnoses test, information to analyse the confluence of feedback. Software has visible guiding function, development staff does not need to master complex program encode, extremely professional strong intelligence diagnoses algorithm and expert system principle, need to adopt all sorts of flow module and corresponding functional package only, input expert knowledge and necessary test information, can build a specific diagnostic software, raised a test to diagnose development efficiency. System of diagnostician of circuit board breakdown and circuit of equipment of electron of HTEDS8000 of diagnostic method board maintenance test and knowledge base of diagnostician system cent and inferential machine two parts. To diagnosing a knowledge base, incorporate the breakdown knowledge of circuit board, normal knowledge, the knowledge of the knowledge base can increase, revise, delete reach optimize. Inferential machine uses the machine of integrated intelligence inference that is based on network of common inference, nerve, ambiguous logic to be united in wedlock, can raise diagnostic inference rate already, also can raise the precision that breakdown keeps apart at the same time. The compose of expert system establishs the procedure that is a progressively maturity, the accumulation as diagnostic knowledge, optimize, function of breakdown diagnostician system is met stronger and stronger. This system is compositive a variety of diagnostic knowledge such as network of regular inference, multiple nerve, ambiguous nerve network, small analysis, heredity show pattern, offer know clearly to be based on a shallow-layer / the inferential mechanism of deep-seated knowledge, be based on the ambiguous nerve network, intelligence that gets used to genetic algorithm oneself to diagnose inferential means, have whole circuit principle and the knowledge that network join concerns to show a model. Diagnosing a domain, ambiguous and logistic theory and nerve network technology express in knowledge, knowledge puts speed of lay aside, inference to reach overcome knowledge narrow very big effect arrived since the respect such as step effect. The ambiguous nerve network of ambiguous logic and union of nerve network photograph can state qualitative knowledge can have ability of powerful self-study be used to and data processing capacity again already, widened processing diagnoses the ability of information greatly thereby. Because ambiguous nerve network involves ambiguous theory and nerve network theory these two relatively the domain of forward position, application rises more complex. Basically use at breakdown mode to compare complex circuit board diagnose. Diagnostician understanding tests data range, and can subclass of faintness of more logical choice and faintness are subject spent circumstance. The advantage of ambiguous nerve network is to decide ambiguous subclass and faintness are subject after spending, the diagnostic knowledge that network training needs is very few, can achieve precision of very tall diagnostic fixed position. The system uses the means of diagnostic tree to explain diagnostic reasoning process to the user, the test that in offerring pair of diagnostic courses, involves collects data, trade data, place flow, initiative data, automatically to use data of instrument and resource, standard, diagnose carry out, the record of the content such as inferential means and inquiry; Have weak condition, breakpoint to wait for a variety of debugging means; To lacking the UUT of technical data, offerred contrast to check a function, support is full board functional contrast test, fact board emulation test, yuan parts of an apparatus is online the means such as the test. Circuit board checks a method to be normally: Affirm whether its data is complete above all, the principle is clear, if, will be measured board classification, the circuit to different type board the particular case of circuit board uses the basis to diagnose a method accordingly; If be opposite,be measured board not familiar, general the circuit that according to the data not complete, principle is not clear about board diagnostic train of thought undertakes checking diagnostic. Circuit board breakdown diagnoses a technology to offer strong safeguard to develop as new and high technology for electronic equipment, the maintenance of electronic equipment is ensured raised taller requirement, be based on the electronic equipment malfunction of contemporary test technology, artificial intelligence technology to diagnose a system is one of important steps that check maintenance, circuit board breakdown diagnosed a technology to raise board form product to maintain safeguard ability, accelerated process of contemporary electron products plan, production, maintenance, enhanced electronic service life of equipment, the it is principal to in upholding safeguard, be had port in equipment of electron of weapon of for military use and civil electron equipment, have wide applied perspective. CNC Milling
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