Quench the cutting of steel is machined

12W/(mK) , it is the 1/7 of 45 steel about. The cutting processability grade of material is Value="9" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" W:sT="on">9a class, belong to the material of very difficult cutting. Because quench the coefficient of thermal conductivity of steel is low, heat in metal cutting is taken away very hard through cutting bits, cutting temperature is very high, accelerated cutting tool to wear away. Normal >2. How does choice cutting quench the cutting tool material of steel? Normal Align=center>normal > logical choice, it is cutting treatment quenchs the fundamental condition of steel. The basis quenchs the cutting characteristic of steel, cutting tool material should have tall hardness, wearability, hear resistance not only, and should have particular strength and thermal conductivity. Normal > (1) hard alloy: To improve the performance of hard alloy, when choosing hard metal, should the exceeds subtle bead hard metal that first choice mixes right amount TaC or NbC. Because be in WC-Co kind in hard alloy, after joining TaC, but its original Value="800" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" W:sIntensity of T="on">800 ℃ high temperature raises 150 ～ 300 MPa, normal temperature hardness raises HV40 ～ 100. After joining NbC, high temperature intensity raises 150 ～ 300MPa, normal temperature hardness raises HV70 ～ 150. And TaC and NbC can refine grain, raise hard alloy to fight ability of crescent moon depression tatty. TaC still can reduce coefficient of friction, drop cutting temperature, enhance hard alloy to fight hot tearing and thermoplastic metabolic ability, also refine the grain of WC at the same time 0.

1 μ of 5 ～ M, its hardness raises HRA1.

5 ～ 2, bending strength can raise 600 ～ 800 MPa, high temperature hardness is taller than general hard alloy. Normal > is commonly used come cutting quenchs the hard alloy brand of steel has: YM051, YM052, YN05, YN10, 600, 610, 726, 758, 767, 813 wait. Normal > (2) hot pressing silicon pottery and porcelain: The tantalum such as TiC is joined in Al2O3 and use hot pressing technology, improved the compact sex of pottery and porcelain, raised alumina base the function of pottery and porcelain, make its hardness raises HRA95.

5, bending strength can achieve 800 ～ 1200 MPa, hear resistance can amount to Value="1200" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" W:sValue="1300" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" W:s of T="on">1200 ℃ ～T="on">1300 ℃ , in use can decrease felt and diffuse wear away. Its are main the brand has AG2, AG3, AG4, LT35, LT55, AT6 to wait. Nitrogen changes silicon radical pottery and porcelain is the tantalum such as TiC is joined in Si3N4, its hardness is HRA93 ～ 94, bending strength is 700 ～ 1100 MPa. Its are main the brand has HS73, HS80, F85, ST4, TP4, SM, HDM1, HDM2, HDM3. These two kinds of pottery and porcelain apply to car, mill, boring, dig to cut quench steel. Normal > (3) cubic nitrogen changes boron compound piece (PCBN) cutting tool: Its hardness is HV8000 ～ 9000, compound bending strength is 900 ～ 1300 MPa, thermal conductivity is taller, hear resistance is Value="1400" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" W:sValue="1500" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" W:s of T="on">1400 ℃ ～T="on">1500 ℃ , it is cutting tool material in highest. It very agree with quench the semifinishing machining of steel and finish machining. Normal > put together is narrated, cutting quenchs the cutting tool material with best steel is cubic nitrogen changes boron, it is compound pottery and porcelain next, it is new name hard alloy next again. Normal >3. How does choice cutting quench the geometrical parameter of steel cutting tool? Normal > cutting quenchs when steel, light has good cutting tool stuff, and without parameter of reasonable cutting tool geometry, also cannot achieve satisfactory result. Want the cutting tool data with specific basis, workpiece material and cutting condition so, choose parameter of cutting tool geometry reasonably, ability develops the cutting property with cutting tool due material effectively. Normal > (1) : Horny size quenchs to cutting steel is affected before very big. Because quench the hardness of steel, intensity is high, cutting muscularity, and concentration is near cutting tool point. To prevent collapse blade is mixed dozen of knife, horn should choose zero and negative worth before, 0 ° of ～ of ° of general γ 0=-10. Workpiece material hardness when tall, interrupted cutting, should pick the larger part before losing, ～ of γ 0=-10 ° - 30 ° . If use before horn but when dislocation razor blade, should grind a B γ =0.

5 ～ 1 Mm is wide, ～ of γ 01=-5 ° - 15 ° are bigger lose edge, in order to enhance edge strength. Normal > (2) : Cutting quenchs of steel cutting tool hind horn should compare common cutting tool hind part is a few larger, in order to reduce hind the attrition of knife face, 10 ° of ～ of ° of general α 0=8 had better. Normal > (3) tool cutting edge angle and deputy slant horn: Heat up a condition to enhance intensity of point of a knife and improvement to come loose, 60 ° of ～ of ° of R =30 of κ of tool cutting edge angle, deputy slant horny κ ' 15 ° of R=6 ° ～ . Normal > (4) blade is obliquitous: When blade dip is negative worth, can increase strength of point of a knife. But when negative worth is too big, can make Fp force increases, when machining complex tigidity is poor, cause vibration. Be in so usually, 0 ° of ～ of λ S=-5 ° ; When interrupted cutting, ～ of λ S=-10 ° - 20 ° ; Hob of scrape of hard tooth flank, ° of its S=-30 of blade dip λ . Normal > (5) point of a knife: Intensity of influence point of a knife mixes its size to already machined exterior surface roughness. Because of the influence of machining complex tigidity, =0 of ε of γ of radius of circular arc of point of a knife.

5 ～ 2 Mm is advisable. Normal > cutting quenchs steel cutting tool, be in reasonable on the base that picks good geometry parameter, must be ground through careful blade and grind Bei, raise cutting tool the blade of each surface grinds quality, make cutting tool durability gets rising. Normal > 4. How does choice cutting quench the cutting dosage when steel? Normal > cutting treatment quenchs the cutting dosage of steel, main basis tigidity of appearance of mechanical function, workpiece, machining complex and mental allowance come to the physics of cutting tool material, workpiece material choice. Choosing cutting dosage when 3 element, consider to choose reasonable cutting rate above all, it is cutting deepness next, it is feed next again. Normal > (1) cutting: Quench steel hear resistance is in commonly 600 ℃ of 200 ℃ ～ , and the hear resistance of hard alloy is 800 ℃ ～ 1000 ℃ , the hear resistance of cutting tool of pottery and porcelain is 1100 ℃ ～ 1200 ℃ , the hear resistance that cubic nitrogen changes boron is 1400 ℃ ～ 1500 ℃ . Outside dividing high-speed steel, when quenching steel achieves 400 ℃ to control commonly, its hardness begins to drop, and afore-mentioned cutting tool material still maintain its original hardness. Quench in cutting so when steel, make full use of afore-mentioned this one character, cutting speed is unfavorable too low or the choice is too tall, have certain durability in order to hold a knife. From the point of current experience, cutting of different cutting tool material quenchs the cutting speed of steel, ～ of Vc=30 of hard alloy cutting tool 75 M/min; 120 M/min of ～ of Vc=60 of cutting tool of pottery and porcelain; Cubic nitrogen changes ～ 200 M/min of Vc=100 of boracic cutting tool. It is when interrupted cutting and workpiece material hardness are too tall, should lower cutting rate, it is about commonly above the 1/2 of lowermost cutting speed. In the optimal cutting speed when successive cutting, fall in order to cut it is advisable to cut bits to show wine. Normal > (2) cutting: Choose according to mental allowance and machining complex tigidity commonly, usually, α P=0.

1 ～ 3 Mm. Normal > (3) feed: It is commonly 0.

05 ～ 0.

4 Mm/r. In workpiece material hardness tall or when interrupted cutting, to reduce unit cutting force, ought to reduce feed, die in case blade and hit a knife. Normal >normal > 5. How to quench with cutting of cutting tool of pottery and porcelain steel? Normal > uses cutting of material of cutting tool of pottery and porcelain to quench steel, quench than using hard alloy cutting steel, have its distinct effect. This basically behaves the hardness in cutting tool of pottery and porcelain and hard alloy of hear resistance prep above. With the lathe tool that it will come to make, milling cutter, thread tool, all can succeed ground cutting quenchs steel, its durability all prep above YT05, 643, the hard alloy such as YM052. Normal > (1) sufficient play and hear resistance are taller than hard alloy this one characteristic, the cutting speed of the choice should cutting of prep above hard alloy quenchs the cutting speed of steel, general tall 50 ％ . If be when cutting speed 50 M/min, of cutting tool of pottery and porcelain hind knife face wear extent and hard alloy are adjacent. Add when cutting speed to 95 M/min when, the hard alloy such as YT05 of its wearability far outclass. If use made-up of razor blade of pottery and porcelain 3 blade milling cutter, be over with the cutting speed mill of 102 M/min deep 5.

Of 2 Mm, wide 16 Mm, long 700 Mm quench steel keyway, cutting tool basically is not had wear away. Normal > (2) pottery and porcelain suffers in cutting when concussion load, cutting tool should choose small tool cutting edge angle, big point of a knife circular arc or use circular bit, in order to increase strength of point of a knife, prevent cutting tool damage. If use made-up of razor blade of circular pottery and porcelain,machine clip carries milling cutter, milling quenchs steel, vc=120 ～ 150 M/min, vf=230 ～ 290 Mm/min, 2 Mm of ～ of α P =1. Normal > (3) should use the horn before losing and negative blade dip angle, at increasing with benefit edge is mixed intensity of point of a knife. The surface roughness Ra of edge and knife face should is less than 0.

4 μ M. Normal > (4) cutting general need not cutting fluid, if want to use, want to furnish adequately first and last, otherwise bit can bilge because of heat cold shrink and produce crackle. Normal > (5) pottery and porcelain the bending strength under hard alloy, get power to reduce area of cutting tool unit, the feed when cutting wants a few smaller, it is F=0 commonly.

08 ～ 0.

15 Mm/r. Normal > 6. How to use cubic nitrogen to change cutting of boracic cutting tool to quench steel? Normal > cubic nitrogen turns boracic cutting tool (CBN) is to make not only grind provided good data, and it is repaired easily grind (usable diamond grinds round of blade to grind) , also be to be used at making cutting tool of lathe tool, boring cutter, milling cutter, gun getting, reamer, gear the good stuff that wait. CBN basically uses cutting all sorts of quenching steel, also can use cutting material of other difficult cutting. It has very tall metal excision to lead not only, and very good surface machines quality. Cutting all sorts of quenching that steel replaces grinding effectively, reduce treatment process, improve productivity. Show the CBN bit that sells in the market, mostly with it and hard alloy compound piece form, consummate but dislocation razor blade or cutting tool, its purpose increases the bending strength of CBN razor blade namely. Normal > because the hardness of CBN cutting tool is tall (HV8000 ～ 9000) , hear resistance is tall (1500 ℃ of 1400 ℃ ～ ) , can allow to quench with the cutting rate cutting with prep above severalfold hard alloy when use steel, and durability is hardness alloy is severalfold to a few times. Cutting quenchs cutting tool of the CBN when steel and hard alloy cutting tool contrast. Normal >normal >normal > home produces the manufacturer of CBN razor blade to have Chengdu tool institute, manufacturing brand is LDP, J; The DLS that factory of the 6th emery wheel produces, F1, DLS, F2, DLS, F3. Still many manufacturer produce CBN but dislocation razor blade and solder knife. LDP, J and DLS, F1 basically uses all sorts of quenching at cutting steel. DLS, F2 basically is used at cutting all sorts of cast-iron. DLS, F3 basically is used at alloy of cutting high temperature and titanium alloy. Normal > CBN cutting tool is unwell at low speed cutting, CBN cutting tool relies on the heat in metal cutting that produces when cutting, in cutting area data of workpiece of the bate inside little scope comes of cutting. Normal > is HRC55 ～ in cutting hardness when the material of 65, the cutting speed of CBN cutting tool should be in Min of ／ of 50 ～ 120m. The Vc=100 ～ 160 M/min when milling, 160 Mm/min of ～ of minutely feed Vf=70; 130 M/min of ～ of the Vc=60 when bore with a reamer is cut, ap=0.

1 ～ 0.

2 Mm, f=0.

07 ～ 0.

2 Mm/r. CBN cutting tool basically is used at quenching the semifinishing machining of steel is mixed finish machining. Its machine the surface to won't produce burn phenomenon in that way like grinding, efficiency is taller than grinding decuple left and right sides. Normal > CBN cutting tool quenchs the geometrical parameter when steel is ～ of γ 0=-15 ° - 5 ° , α 0= α ' 15 ° of 0=10 ° ～ , 60 ° of ～ of ° of κ R =30, κ ' 15 ° of R=5 ° ～ , 10 ° of ～ of ° of λ S =0, γ ε =0.

3 ～ 1 Mm. Normal >normal Align=center>normal > 7. Quench with cutting of CBN cutting tool when steel, in what does the circumstance fall replace grinding most effective? Normal > (1) is mixed in the surface with the complex cutting on numerical control machine tool a few complex surfaces, replace grinding working procedure, can reduce the amount of labor of 1/3 ～ 2/3, and can assure very tall position precision. Normal > (2) form is complex inside aperture or alveolus. If use grinding, the form of requirement emery wheel is corresponding also and complex, some moment cannot grinding, use turning at this moment most advantageous. Normal >(3) a spare parts a few surfaces (outside round, inside aperture, end panel, rank stage, groove) need grinding, use turning at this moment, a working procedure can be finished, the tool that can subtract grinding is used. Normal >(4) spare parts quenchs, changeful form is mixed take surplus hour easy create waste product, can leave surplus at this moment a few bigger, wait for after quenching, reoccupy CBN cutting tool excises redundant surplus, again grinding, in order to because be out of shape,decrease big and the reject of generation. Normal >(5) is machining load variation very big, the face that uses below difficult condition is high frequency spare parts, use treatment of CBN cutting tool, workpiece appearance organization and physics are mechanical function relatively when grinding good, can prolong the service life of the spare parts. Normal >8. How does turning quench steel rolls the whorl of filar annulus? Normal > quenchs, use whorl grinder grinding commonly. But the difficulty that to improve treatment efficiency reconciles to be ground without whorl definitely, the method that also can use turning is machined. Normal >(1) rolls the technical requirement of filar annulus: Preform material is steel of Cr12MoV alloy tool character, classics the hardness after quenching is HRC59, the tooth is apart from for 1.

5mm, whorl head number is 10, half horn α / 25 ＇ of 2 ＝ 30º ± , tooth deeply 0.

922mm, ＝ of tooth needle tall H1 (0.

435 ± 0.

042)mm, ＝ of tooth root tall H2 (0.

487(＋ 0.

010/ - 0.

029)mm. Normal >(2) machine tool and cutting tool: The machine tool is Dalian production 8955 model 290mm relieving lathe, machine tool accessory is index plate. Cutting tool divides thick lathe tool and lathe tool of essence of life, cutting tool material is YM052 hard alloy character. Parameter of cutting tool geometry is: γ . ＝ - 3º , α . ＝ 5º , 2º of ～ of 0º of α ＇ ＝ , ＇ of 60º20 of ε R ＝ , λ S ＝ - 5º , the knife faces helix direction to tilt before 3º . Each angle is ground in the tool after been grind, grind with diamond oilstone Bei, be in advocate, deputy edge and Bei of place of point of a knife go out lose edge. Normal >(3) cutting dosage: Cutting speed 26.

2 M/min, ＝ of AP of thick car whorl 0.

1 ～ 0.

15mm, ＝ of fine vehicle AP 0.

05 ～ 0.

08mm. In turning, every take a knife, divide second head, in order to make sure every tine is even ground purify surplus. Normal >(4) note: Enter knife of collapse of the point of a knife when be being cut to prevent to cut, in the two end of whorl each pour 30º wine cup. Control for accurate ground every time deepness of penetration of a cutting tool, 100 minutes of lists are put in transverse feed. Normal >9.

How to get take out the tap that breaks off in whorl aperture? Normal > attacks whorl with tap, a little inadvertent or the whorl that studies difficult cutting data, often be tap twist off in aperture, take out not easily, make workpiece makes waste product. To reduce waste, use electric spark break be destroyed in Kong Zhong's tap or get with hard alloy broach. The method that uses hard alloy to get is simple, the worker is easy master. Normal >(1) cutting tool: With hard alloy round club, the 4 edge that wear shows like graph 2-1 place are gotten, material is YG6X character or YM052, 813 wait. Broach diameter should be more than tap core diameter. Normal Align=center>normal >(2) operates a note: After the position of broach of school just in time and aperture, want to had secured broach and work. Break the tap head in screw rough whole, when beginning to get must slow, lest was hurt,screw is mixed a Kong Zuan is crooked. The cutting speed when getting is 20 ～ 25m/min, should observe at any time get cut case, the shiver of seasonable cleared tap and cut bits, until break the tap in Kong Zhong to be gotten. Normal >10.

How does broach getting cut hard data with high-speed steel? Normal MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt" Align=center>normal > to increase edge strength, improvement comes loose hot condition, used the part before reducing, increase circular arc chamfer radius and outside the knife sharp-angled method of predestined relationship blade. The geometrical parameter of broach is shown like graph 2-2 place. Shorter bit should be picked when bore, in order to enhance the tigidity of broach. Workpiece should increase auxiliary bearing when rigid inadequacy. Auger cut dosage to choose ν C ＝ commonly 2 ～ 5m/min, feed F ＝ 0.

03 ～ 0.

05mm/r or hand move feed. Cutting fluid should choose cutting oil or extremely press cutting oil. Normal >11. Change boron to grind round of grinding high-speed steel what to advantage there is with cubic nitrogen? Normal > high-speed steel is to quench there is the steel of special purpose to plant in steel. Cubic nitrogen changes boron to grind annulus special apply to grinding high-speed steel. By high-speed steel of grinding of corundum emery wheel, when grinding tall vanadium high-speed steel especially, grinding muscularity, grinding temperature is high, easy happening burn, grind bead to wear away fast, easy jam, easy threshing, grinding difficulty. If use cubic nitrogen to change boron to grind round of grinding W18Cr4V, W2Mo9Cr4VCo8, W6Mo5Cr4V5SiNbA1, W6Mo5Cr4V5Co3SiNbA1, W10Mo4Cr4V3A1,wait for 5 kinds of high-speed steel when trying a club, 17 Mm of accumulative total abrasion, grind annulus very sharp still. If use the cubic nitrogen of copper facing,change what boron wears bead to grind again annulus, broach of grinding W6Mo5Cr4V5SiNbA1 high-speed steel, can wear 150 tooth, and with Bai Gangyu a tooth also grinds emery wheel to be not moved, single crystal corundum adds microcrystalline corundum emery wheel to be able to grind a 7 ～ only 8 tooth. Normal > cubic nitrogen changes boron to grind round of grinding high-speed steel to have very tall durability. Its wear extent is the 1/64 of single crystal corundum, it is the 1/104 of green carborundum, it is Bai Gangyu's 1/99. Normal > cubic nitrogen changes boron to grind round of grinding high-speed steel to very tall grinding is compared. With high-speed steel of its grinding tall vanadium (the grinding of W12Cr4V5Co) is compared for 140, and corundum kind emery wheel is 10, diamond is ground annulus be 16. With it grinding exceeds hard high-speed steel (the grinding of W2Mo9Cr4VCo8) is compared for 660, and corundum emery wheel is 10, diamond is ground annulus be 18. With high-speed steel of its grinding tungsten (the grinding of W6Mo5Cr4V2) is compared for 980, corundum kind emery wheel is 10, king Kong stone mill annulus grinding comparing is 20. Normal > cubic nitrogen changes boron to grind round of grinding high-speed steel. When using high-speed steel of grinding of corundum emery wheel, wear away very quickly, be like not seasonable nap, with respect to meeting occurrence burn, affect grinding quality. And cubic nitrogen changes boron to grind annulus, be over to also do not need prune till wear and tear, also won't appear burn. Normal > cubic nitrogen changes boron to grind annulus have very high cutting capacity, unit grinding power compares 5/6 of ～ of small 2/3 of corundum emery wheel. Normal >12.

What does cutting quench the example of steel has? Normal > quenchs the cutting of steel, it is difficult cutting material has a representative kind most. People thinks its hardness is tall previously, can grinding. Now the progress as a result of cutting technology, cut with turning, milling, dig is cut and be being gotten replace grinding also be accustomed to sth. Normal >(1) car cold Dui, material is Crl2MoV of alloy tool steel character, the hardness after quenching is HRC62 ～ 66. Because workpiece is long and thin, be afraid of quench, be out of shape big, left the surplus of 2 Mm, bring difficulty to grinding, instead turning. Use the lathe tool of pottery and porcelain of LT55, parameter of cutting tool geometry is: γ . ＝ - 8º , α . ＝ 8º , κ R ＝ 75º , ＝ of κ ＇ R 15º , γ ε ＝ 0.

5mm. Cutting dosage is: ν C ＝ 35 M/min, AP ＝ 0.

3 ～ 0.

5mm, f ＝ 0.

1 ～ 0.

2mm/r. Cutting tool durability is 25min, exterior surface roughness is Ra ＝ 3.

2 ～ 1.

6 μ M. Normal >(2) dig quenchs, material is W18Cr4V character, hardness is HRC64, 40mm of × of work measure 120mm. Cutting tool material is YM052 hard alloy. Parameter of cutting tool geometry is: γ . ＝ - 10º , α . 8º of ＝ 6º ～ , κ R ＝ 45º , ＝ of κ ＇ R 15º , γ S ＝ - 10º , 1mm of γ ε ＝ . Cutting dosage is: 8 M/min of ν C ＝ , AP ＝ 0.

5 ～ 0.

8mm, f ＝ 0.

1 ～ 0.

15mm/ journey, cutting tool durability is 21min, exterior surface roughness is Ra ＝ 3.

2 μ M. Normal >(3) changes turning of boracic cutting tool to quench with cubic nitrogen (GCrl5) , hardness is HRC62. Workpiece is bearing outer shroud. Parameter of cutting tool geometry is: γ . ＝ - 6º , α . ＝ 8º , κ R ＝ 45º , ＝ of κ ＇ R 45º , γ ε ＝ 1.

2mm, 0º of λ S ＝ . Cutting dosage is: 115 M/min of ν C ＝ , AP ＝ 0.

3mm, f ＝ 0.

1 ～ 0.

2 Mm/r. Cutting tool durability is 55min, exterior surface roughness is Ra ＝ 1.

6 μ M. Normal >(4) gets bore with a reamer to quench steel alveolus, workpiece material is GCrl5 character, the hardness after quenching is HRC58 ～ 60. Bore diameter is ＋ of acoustical ψ 4(0.

03, 0)mm, deeply 10mm. This aperture is a product after improving, add get. The material of broach and reamer is YG6X hard alloy character, broach form is nonstandard twist drill, reamer is double blade reamer, use get bore with a reamer two working procedure, use machine tool is table drilling machine. Cutting speed is ν C ＝ 15.

5 M/min, the hand moves feed. Blade grinds broach to be able to drill 100 many hole, aperture of bore with a reamer 200 above, quality accords with craft requirement completely. CNC Milling CNC Machining